national health insurance
A system for public funding of the costs citizens incur when they require personal medical and hospital
care. Many nations provide at least partial support from the public purse for some of their citizens, and in
many OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) nations personal medical care
and hospital costs are wholly or partly publicly funded. This has been an evolving process since it was
introduced by the German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck (1815–98) in 1883–4. The British National
Health Service (NHS) introduced in 1948 provides comprehensive tax-supported personal and hospital
care, but financial constraints and rising costs have eroded some aspects, and fees are now charged for
some aspects of care. By the late 1980s, all European Union nations and all OECD nations except the
United States had comprehensive publicly funded personal health care services, usually with the proviso
that people pay additional personal expenses.
Advance Epidemiology of Nursing
Module 2: Government Databases Prepare a 500 words essay explaining how government clinical databases can help researchers study different diseases. · · You must present your writing double-spaced, in a Times New Roman, Arial, or Courier New font, with a font size of 12. · Pay attention to grammar rules