Our immune system is a giant shield, protecting humans from diseases and infections. There are three key components of the immune system to where the body created a barrier to block foreign substances, cells and infections that can harm the host. The first barrier is the skin and mucosa followed by innate immunity, made up of nonselective macrophages and neutrophils which the pathogen affecting the system and lastly is adaptive immunity which is made up of B cells, antibody cells and cytotoxic T cells (Tkacs & Herrmann, 2025). The body immune systems role is to prepare the body and minting homeostasis to fight off infections. The immune system also promotes the healing process to protect the host from harm. Through inflammation microorganisms are triggered to produce an immune response that benefits the body’s immune function, thus achieving homeostasis. Inflammation is a beneficial key to promote tissue response to act as a production of soluble mediators and finally restoring tissue homeostasis to the body. Immune and inflammatory responses share the core property of sensing, defining the immune system also as a sensory system (Marques et al., 2016).
The innate and adaptive immune systems are made to fight of germs that will lead to infection such as bodily fluids found in the skin and in the tissue of the body. They are two different immune systems one is the innate immunity and it’s the first line of defense, protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Adaptive immunity has the ability to remember the previous infection thus acting slowly but is highly specific to redcurrant inactions that might have occurred to the host, thus building antibodies to prevent future infections. Both types of immunity systems involve secreted proteins, receptor- mediated signaling and also intricate cell to cell communication (Marques et al., 2016). In conclusion the innate immune response system is to initiate response by providing protection through the skin and mucosa and acts immediately to prevent the spread of foreign pathogens in the body through the immune system cells and proteins, that is why washing hands is consider the first defense in in staying health. Adaptive immune system is the second line of defense recalling previous infections and self-pathogens. Both systems depend on distinguishing between self-molecules and none-self molecules to be able to fight foreign pathogens affecting the host.
Tkacs, N. C., & Herrmann, L. L. (2025). Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology: Essentials for Clinical Practice. Springer Publishing Company, LLC.
Marques, R. E., Marques, P. E., Guabiraba, R., & Teixeira, M. M. (2016, March 31). Exploring the homeostatic and sensory roles of the immune system. Frontiers in immunology.
