Kibata

Sign In

Our Services

Get 15% Discount on your First Order

Order Now
[rank_math_breadcrumb]

WK 6 RESP DATA

 Self-Study: Comparing Counts (Chi Square)

Throughout the course, there will be a self-study Discussion pertaining to an important concept or topic covered within the assigned week. These Discussions are designed to give you the opportunity to collaborate with your peers and faculty, test your knowledge, ask questions, practice research analysis, and assist your peers.  
 
You are not required to post to this forum; however, you are encouraged to post, review the posts of others, as well as answer questions and/or provide clarity and collaboration with your peers. Discussions will be graded as either Complete or Incomplete. 

Resources

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 


WEEKLY RESOURCES

Required Resources

· Dang, D., Dearholt, S. L., Bissett, K., Ascenzi, J., & Whalen, M. (2021). Johns Hopkins evidence-based practice for nurses and healthcare professionals: Model & guidelines (4th ed.). Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing.

· Chapter 6, “Evidence of Appraisal: Research” (pp. 254–267) 

· Salkind, N., & Frey, B. (2019). Statistics for people who (think they) hate statistics (7th ed.). SAGE Publications.

· Chapter 5, “Creating Graphs: A Picture Really Is Worth a Thousand Words” (pp. 110–115) 

· Chapter 18, “Chi-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests: What to Do When You’re Not Normal” (pp. 337–342, 345–346)

·
Document: 
Creating Charts in Excel (Excel)
Download Creating Charts in Excel (Excel)

·
Document: 
Critical Assessment, Appendix E: Research Evidence Appraisal Tool (Word document)
Download Critical Assessment, Appendix E: Research Evidence Appraisal Tool (Word document)

·
Document: 
Critical Assessment, Appendix G: Individual Evidence Summary Tool (Word document)
Download Critical Assessment, Appendix G: Individual Evidence Summary Tool (Word document)

Required Media

· Niedz, B. (2024). Inferential comparison of counts (chi square) [Video]. Walden University Canvas.

Optional Resources

· Conner, C. (2018). 

Evaluating the impact of an early warning scoring system in a community hospital settingLinks to an external site.
 (Publication No. 10747387) [Doctoral dissertation, Walden University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

· Moradkhani, B., Mollazadeh, S., Niloofar, P., Bashiri, A., & Oghazian, M. B. (2021). 
Association between medication adherence and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseLinks to an external site.. 
Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, 7(1).

· Owusu, M. (2023). 

Language barrier: An unmet challenge for low screening of colorectal cancer among Hispanic Americans in TexasLinks to an external site.
 (Publication No. 30567908) [Doctoral dissertation, Walden University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

To prepare:

· Read and view the Learning Resources.

Use this Discussion to collaborate with your peers and faculty as an open office hours/ Q&A forum. 

Post answers to the following:

· Find the Chi Sq in Moradkhani et al. (2021), Conner (2018), or Owusu (2023) from the Optional Resources, and critique its use in the study. 

· Tania

· In the dissertation by 
Conner (2018) titled 
Evaluating the Impact of an Early Warning Scoring System in a Community Hospital Setting, the Chi-square (χ²) test was used to examine whether implementing an Early Warning Scoring (EWS) system influenced the frequency of rapid response team (RRT) activations, intensive care unit (ICU) transfers, and code blue events. Specifically, the test compared pre- and post-intervention frequencies to assess the EWS system’s effectiveness.

· Conner reported a statistically significant decrease in code blue events post-intervention, with a Chi-square value of χ² = 4.60, p = 0.032. The use of the Chi-square test was appropriate, given that the variables in question (e.g., occurrence of code blue events) were categorical. This statistical approach is useful in determining whether distributions of categorical variables differ from one another across groups (Sedgwick, 2019). The results suggest that the EWS system may have had a beneficial impact on identifying patient deterioration earlier and reducing critical incidents.

· However, while the statistical test was suitable, several limitations should be addressed. Most notably, effect size measures, such as Phi coefficient or Cramér’s V, were not reported. Without these, it’s difficult to determine the practical or clinical relevance of the findings. A statistically significant result (p < .05) does not automatically imply a strong or meaningful association (Lakens, 2021).

· Additionally, Conner did not clearly discuss whether the assumptions of the Chi-square test—particularly the requirement for expected frequencies of at least 5 per cell—were met. Failure to meet these assumptions can reduce the validity of the results. Also, the Chi-square test does not account for confounding factors such as staffing levels, patient acuity, or seasonal trends. A multivariate analysis, such as logistic regression, could have helped control for these potential confounders and provided more robust conclusions (Sharma et al., 2020).

· Despite these caveats, Conner’s use of the Chi-square test effectively illustrated key patterns and associations between EWS implementation and critical event reduction. To fully inform evidence-based practice, future studies should incorporate effect size reporting, assumption verification, and complementary statistical analyses to better interpret both statistical and clinical significance.

·  

·
References

· Conner, C. (2018). 
Evaluating the impact of an early warning scoring system in a community hospital setting. (Publication No. 10747387) [Doctoral dissertation, Walden University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. 
Links to an external site.

· Lakens, D. (2021). Sample size justification. Collabra: 
Psychology, 7(1), 1–16. 
to an external site.

· Sedgwick, P. (2019). Understanding the chi-squared test. 
BMJ, 364, l1296. 
to an external site.

· Sharma, A., Minh Duc, N. T., Luu Lam Thang, T., Nam, N. H., Ng, S. J., Abbas, K. S., … & Huy, N. T. (2020). A consensus-based checklist for reporting of survey studies (CROSS). 
Journal of General Internal Medicine, 36(10), 3179–3187. 
to an external site.

·

Share This Post

Email
WhatsApp
Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Pinterest
Reddit

Order a Similar Paper and get 15% Discount on your First Order

Order Now

Related Questions

Peer response

  This article provided global research in which the Advanced Practice Nurse’s role, regulation, education and practice vary based upon the communities cultural and country-wide polices. A total of 482 surveys were received with about 157 of these being inconclusive and excluded, leaving about 325 surveys of data to be

Practicum Experience Plan (PEP)

Practicum Experience Plan (PEP) PRACTICUM EXPERIENCE PLAN As you establish your goals and objectives for this course, you are committing to an organized plan that will frame your practicum experience in a clinical setting, including planned activities, assessment, and achievement of defined outcomes. In particular, they must address the categories

Study Plan

Study Plan Can you imagine an athlete deciding to run a marathon without training for the event? Most ambitious people who have set this goal will follow a specific training plan that will allow them to feel confident and prepared on the big day. Similarly, if you want to feel

help with home work

Health care policy briefs provide succinct overviews of health care policy topics. The intended audience is policymakers, journalists, and others concerned about improving health care in the United States. The briefs explore arguments from varying perspectives of a policy proposal. They guide available research behind each perspective. Experts in the

Pressure ulcers

Homework  1 1 Outcomes, Approach, and Budget [Remove brackets & insert Your Full Name Here] Nightingale College [Remove brackets & insert Your Course Number: Course Title] [Remove brackets & insert Your instructor’s name using Professor __________] [Remove brackets & insert Month Day, Year] Outcomes, Approach, and Budget [The introduction to

Mm week 4 ppt

Mm week 4 ppt In this assignment, you will analyze the team structure and process in your own practice setting and identify the essential members who will contribute to the success of your proposed graduate project. You will present this analysis in a professional, visually engaging slide presentation.Title (1 slide) Include your

presentation

Rapid Response vs Code Blue: Knowing When to Act Staff Education In-Service Presenter Name / Date / Clinical Area Learning Objectives By the end of this session, participants will be able to: Identify the difference between Rapid Response and Code Blue events. Explain when each activation should occur based on

Pt case study

pt case study help  Week 2 Case Study Assignment Building a Health History: Communicating Effectively to Gather Appropriate Health-Related Information 👩‍⚕️ Patient Scenario You have been assigned the case of  S.J., a 28-year-old Lebanese Muslim female who is in her first year of graduate school and living in university housing.

PPT

Assigment The term “knowledge worker” was first coined by management consultant and author Peter Drucker in his book,  The Landmarks of Tomorrow  (1959). Drucker defined knowledge workers as high-level workers who apply theoretical and analytical knowledge, acquired through formal training, to develop products and services. Does this sound familiar? Nurses are

Mental Health PTSD

Mental Illness Creative Paper Assignment “A Day Living With My Mental Illness” Each student will write a one-page paper in first person as if you are living with your assigned mental illness. Be creative but realistic. The goal is to demonstrate understanding of what daily life might feel like for

discussion question

discussion question  Topic: healthcare providers shortages 1. Access the Policy Map Blog and view the blog listings (There are many pages of entries). 2. Briefly summarize (2-3 sentences) policy map blog and address the socio-political, ethical, and or nursing workforce implications of the topic. 3. APA format for references

Peer response

  The development of advanced practice nursing roles globally shows how important quality and safety competencies are in guiding practice. When looking at the variability in education, regulation, and scope of practice across countries, it becomes clear that standardized competencies are essential to ensure safe and consistent care (Wheeler et

nursing

see file In this two-part deliverable assessment, first, create a 5–7 slide elevator-speech style presentation that you will present to stakeholders that provides an overview of policy implementation, including rationale and data that reflect the need for the new policy. Second, create a detailed, annotated training agenda for the pilot

nursing

see file Propose an organizational policy and practice guidelines that you believe will lead to an improvement in quality and performance associated with the benchmark underperformance you advocated for improving in Assessment 1. Be precise, professional, and persuasive in demonstrating the merit of your proposed actions. The policy proposal requirements

case study

Nursing Skills & Reasoning © 2023 KeithRN LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this case study may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of KeithRN Blood Transfusion 1. Which

casestudy

Nursing Skills & Reasoning © 2023 KeithRN LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this case study may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of KeithRN Blood Transfusion 1. Which

CASE STUDY ANALYSIS

PLEASE READ ALL ATTACHED Week 2 Case Study Prompt  A 28-year-old African American woman presents with 4 months of worsening fatigue, joint  pain, and intermittent low-grade fevers. She reports: • Symmetrical pain and stiffness in hands and wrists (morning stiffness ~1 hour) • Photosensitivity • Facial rash that worsens with

STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF SECONDARY DATA SOURCES

find attached n use the rubrics In this information age, where data are readily accessible and there is both a great demand for accelerated research projects and strict limitations on research funding, using existing data makes sense. Data used in this way are called secondary data; they come in many