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chapter 2

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Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions

Tenth Edition

Chapter 2

The Counselor as a Person and as a Professional

Learning Objectives (1 of 2)

2-1 Appreciate the role of counselor self-awareness in ethical practice

2-2 Provide a rationale for the importance of personal therapy for counselors

2-3 Clarify how countertransference can be an ethical concern

2-4 View client dependence as a potential ethical problem

Learning Objectives (2 of 2)

2-5 Describe the main sources of stress that counselors must address

2-6 Understand how stress can lead to therapist impairment

2-7 Develop a personal strategy for ongoing self-care

The Counselor as a Person and Professional

Counselors must be aware of the influence of their own personality and needs.

Examples of personal needs of counselors based on unresolved personal conflicts:

Need to tell people what to do

Strong desire to relieve all pain from clients

Need to have all answers and be perfect

Personal Therapy for Counselors

Beneficial to both trainees and experienced practitioners

It is a necessary form of ongoing self-care

Reasons for participating:

To explore your values and motivations for becoming a helper

How your needs influence your actions and how you use power in your life

To identify and explore your blind spots and potential areas of countertransference

For remediation purposes

Transference

The process whereby clients project onto their therapists past feelings or attitudes they had toward significant people in their lives

The “unreal” relationship in therapy:

Counselors need to be aware of their personal reactions to a client’s transference.

All reactions of clients to a therapist are not to be considered as transference.

Dealing appropriately with transference is an ethical issue.

Countertransference

The therapist’s total emotional response to a client including feelings, associations, fantasies, and fleeting images

Occurs when clinicians:

demonstrate inappropriate affect.

respond in highly defensive ways.

lose their objectivity because their own conflicts are triggered.

Can be either a constructive or a destructive element in the therapeutic relationship

Examples of Countertransference

Being overprotective with a client

Treating clients in benign ways

Rejecting a client

Needing constant reinforcement and approval

Seeing yourself in your clients

Developing sexual or romantic feelings for a client

Giving advice compulsively

Desiring a social relationship with clients

Client Dependence

A temporary dependence is not necessarily problematic.

An ethical issue occurs when counselors encourage and promote dependence.

It can manifest in subtle ways:

Counselors may keep clients dependent.

Termination can be delayed.

Stress in the Counseling Profession

Counseling can be a hazardous profession and lead to empathy fatigue.

Sources of Stress

Some sources of stress for counselors:

Feeling they are not helping their clients

Accept full responsibility for clients’ progress

Feeling pressure to quickly solve clients’ problems

Extremely high personal goals and perfectionistic strivings

Counselor Burnout and Impairment

Burnout:

A state of physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual depletion characterized by feelings of helplessness and hopelessness

Impairment:

The presence of a chronic illness or severe psychological depletion that is likely to prevent a professional from delivering effective services

Results in consistently functioning below acceptable practice standards

Maintaining Vitality as a Counselor (1 of 3)

Sustaining the personal self is an ethical obligation

Personal vitality is a prerequisite to functioning in a professional role

Ongoing self-care is an essential part of professional competence and personal wellness

Self-Care: Positive actions that promote wellness and effective coping

Includes routine positive practices and mindful attention to one’s physical, emotional, relational, and spiritual selves

Maintaining Vitality as a Counselor (2 of 3)

Therapeutic lifestyle changes

Exercise, nutrition, and diet

Recreation and time in nature

Relationships

Relaxation and stress management

Religious or spiritual involvement

Service to others

Maintaining Vitality as a Counselor (3 of 3)

Clients can benefit from a counselor’s mindfulness practices even if clients are not practicing mindfulness themselves.

Self-compassion can enhance counselor well-being, counselor effectiveness in the workplace, and therapeutic relationships with clients.

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