Hands On Lab: Joints and Muscles (7 Activities)
Submission instructions
· Type your answers and copy all pictures directly into this Word document. Submit it via the blackboard submission link in Word format (docx).
Introduction:
In this lab, we will be focusing on learning how to ID the skeletal muscles that we will learn the physiology of in the lecture portion of the class. When you are going through these activities, think about your muscles! How does your arm move? What muscles are doing the most work when going up a flight of stairs, smiling, or turning your head to one side? Also consider where they are attached. Its an engineering marvel! Where muscles attach allow for that movement. Remember, the human body has hundreds of muscles, but for this lab you are responsible for learning the ones listed on the
Module 3 Lab Study Objectives.
We also will be looking at joints and their role in movement. Joints are also known as articulations: where bones come together. We will look at 3 categories of joints (classified structurally), cartilaginous, fibrous, and synovial. We’ll then look at some movements. Again, use your own body as a tool when learning these joints. For example, look at your hand. Does the tip of your pointer finger have the same range of motion as the base of that same finger? Now bend your arm at the elbow. Pay attention to the ways that you can move your arm specifically at that elbow joint.
Watch These:
This
Crash Course video on joints (opens in new window: 9min:22sec) goes into a good bit of detail and will supplement lab and lecture material for joints.
Another video to watch if you feel you need more visuals with joints
is this one that is designed for artists who need to draw the human body (Link opens in new window:10 min:50sec). This video goes into just the synovial joints but has great (very clear) visuals of how those joints work. If there is one synovial joint you don’t feel 100% clear on, then just scroll through this video to find it and take a look at the animation they provide for that specific joint.
Activity 1: Cartilaginous and Fibrous Joints (#1-9)
In activities 1 & 2, we’re going to look at joints classified structurally (based on major connective tissue type that binds bones).
1. What immovable cartilaginous joints would be found in children, but not in adults?
Classify the following as cartilaginous
OR fibrous
. If cartilaginous, also add the type of cartilage associated with that type of joint.
2. Gomphosis (ex: tooth socket) _______________
3. Suture (Ex: sagittal suture)___________
4. Synchondrosis (Ex: sternocostal)_____________
5. Symphysis (Ex: intervertebral discs)____________
6. Syndesmosis (Ex: tibiofibular joint)_________
7. Give one example of a specific cartilaginous joint in the body NOT mentioned above.
Fibrous and cartilaginous joint are also classified by their movements/functionality.
8. TRUE or FALSE: A joint classified as a synarthrosis is immovable
9. How would you describe a joint classified as amphiarthrosis?
Activity 2: Synovial Joints (#10-24)
Using the following diagram, label each type of synovial joint (#10-15):
10: A=
11: B=
12: C=
13: D=
14: E=
15: F=
List the 6 types of synovial joints classified by movement (from above) and give a
SPECIFIC example of each (the finger is not specific enough):
|
Joint |
Example |
|
Ex: Name of joint type |
Where you find this joint/its name: elbow, atlantoaxial, etc |
|
16. |
|
|
17. |
|
|
18. |
|
|
19. |
|
|
20. |
|
|
21. |
Using the following diagram, state which type of synovial joint is represented in each picture: (#22-24)
22:A=
23:B=
24:C=
Activity 3: Actions at Joints
(#25-33)
Movements and knowing the correct use of these terms is important for all areas of healthcare. Have you ever had to put a patient in a prone position? Or had to complete a physical therapy exercise regimen to recover from an injury?
25-30: For this activity, choose 3 of the following pairs of movements and take pictures of yourself demonstrating them.
Each picture must be labeled with the movement for credit (6 labeled pictures total).
5
Flexion/ Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Elevation/Depression
Protraction/Retraction
Inversion/Eversion
Supination/Pronation
Using the following diagram, label the movement represented (#31-33):
31: A=
32: B=
33: C=
Activity 4: Virtual Muscle Lab
The virtual axial skeleton laboratory will teach the bones of this division and the major bone markings.
Virtual Muscle Lab (opens new window)
Click on the lab and go through all or the sections. Please see the
Module 3 Lab Study Objectives for all of the muscles you are responsible for. You are not required to learn any muscles in the virtual lab that are not on this list.
When looking at the diagrams, pay special attention to the ‘view’ that is noted (anterior/posterior etc), this will aid you in identifying the muscles.
Activity 5: Facial Muscles (#34-41)
Identify the Facial Muscles (A-H). Each letter will only be used once.
34. Masseter
35. Orbicularis oculi
36. Buccinator
37. Platysma
38. Zygomaticus minor
39. Temporalis
40. Orbicularis oris
41. Zygomaticus major
Activity 6: Identifying Major Muscles (#42-63)
Identify the Major Muscles (A-V). Each letter will only be used once.
42. Sternocleidomastoid
43. External oblique
44. Gluteus medius
45. Brachioradialis
46. Quadriceps femoris
47. Rectus abdominis
48. Triceps brachii
49. Gastrocnemius
50. Pectoralis major
51. Infraspinatus
52. Trapezius
53. Biceps brachii
54. Latissimus dorsi
55. Soleus
56. Gluteus maximus
57. Hamstrings
58. Deltoid
59. Teres major
60. Gracilis
61. Serratus anterior
62. Sartorius
63. Tibialis anterior
Activity 7: Arm and Leg Muscles (#64-79)
64. List all the muscles that compose the quadriceps femoris (All must be listed for credit).
65. List all the muscles that compose the hamstrings (All must be listed for credit).
Identify the arm muscles (A-E). Each letter will only be used once.
Hint: Take note of where features are such as the elbow and position of the clavicle and scapula.
66. Brachioradialis
67. Triceps brachii
68. Brachialis
69. Deltoid
70. Biceps brachii
Identify the leg muscles (A-I). Each letter will only be used once.
Hint: Take note of the position of the pelvis/femur and whether you are looking at the anterior or posterior view of the leg.
71. Rectus femoris
72. Biceps femoris
73. Tensor fascia latae
74. Semitendinosus
75. Gracilis
76. Vastus lateralis
77. Sartorius
78. Vastus medialis
79. Semimembranosus
*All images in this lab are copyright of McGraw-Hill
