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Chapter 1.

Description

I do the abstract

PUT HERE THE FULL TITLE OF YOUR THESIS.
THESIS TITLE
Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the
Degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
BY

PUT YOUR NAME HERE

Under Supervision
Supervisors Name

COLLEGE OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL SCIENCES
SAUDI ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY
2021-2022

Declaration Certificate
The work entitled, ‘‘Put Your Title of Thesis Here’’, embodies the results of the original
research work carried out by me in the College of Administrative and Financial Sciences,
Department of Business Administration Saudi Electronic University. This research work has
not been submitted in part or full for the award of any other degree at SEU or any other
university.

Date: – ______________________

(Signature)

Place: – ______________________

(Full Name of the Candidate)

Acknowledgement (Optional)
The acknowledgement for thesis is the section where you thank all people, institutions, and
companies that helped you complete the project successfully. It is similar to a dedication,
except for the fact that it is formal.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 General Introduction
1.2 Research Questions
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.4.1
Managerial Relevance
1.4.2
Scientific Implications
Chapter 2. Literature Review
2.1 Heading 1
2.1.1
Sub Heading 1
2.1.2
Sub Heading 2
2.2 Heading 2
2.2.1
Sub Heading 1
2.2.2
Sub Heading 2
2.2.2.1
Sub-Sub Heading 1
2.3 Heading 3
2.3.1
Sub Heading 1
2.6 Hypotheses
Chapter 3. Methodology
3.1 Research Approach
3.2 Research Design
Chapter 4. Analysis and Results
4.1.1. Sub Heading 1
4.1.2
Sub Heading 2
4.2 Heading 1
Chapter 5. Discussion and Conclusion
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Managerial Relevance
5.4 Scientific Implications
5.4 Limitations and Scope for Future Research
References
Appendices
Bibliography

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LIST OF TABLES
Table (2.2.1.1)

Title of Table Here ………………………………..………

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Table (3.2)
Table (4.1)
Table (4.2)

Title of Table Here ……………………………………
Title of Table Here ………………………………………
Title of Table Here ………………………………………

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure (4.2.1)

Title of Figure Here………………………………

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Figure ( )

Title of Figure Here………………………………

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Abstract
Background: – Summarize the latest knowledge on the issue by presenting a statistic, or a
trend and explain why your topic is important to study. What is need or rationale of choosing
your field of research?
Purpose:-What did you want to find out? Present here the statements of your research
questions. What was your research focused on?
Research Design and Methodology: – How did you go about finding it? Which research
design you chose and why? What methodology did you use to address the research problem?
Provide crisp description of how and when outcomes were measured, including any
questionnaire/instruments used, when and how the data was collected, and which statistical
methods were used to analyze data and why.
Findings: – What did you find? What data or outcomes did you observe? What trend or
relation between the variables you established.
Practical Implications: – Briefly describe how your research findings can be used for policy,
practice, or theory building in your field. Nevertheless, you must state how your findings can
be important for managers and other practitioners in the industry/corporate world.
Originality/Value – What new or novel knowledge your research contributed to the scholarly
or practitioner world.
Limitations and Future Research Directions:

-What were the main limitations or

constraints that affected your study? Whether these limitations are expected or not, and
whether they are due to research design or due to methodology or of any stage of your study.
Example; there can be issues with sample size and selection, time constraints or limitations
can arise due to absence of previous studies in the field etc.
Further, you must state here the scope for future research in your studied topic. Based on the
results of your study, you may state the impact that your research outcome might have on
future research or policy decision or the relevant field of interest of your study. Help the
researchers by describing how your findings can be further advanced.

CHAPTER 1

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INTRODUCTION
1.1. General Introduction
We, human beings, are continuously evolving as indispensable thinking creatures of the
universe. The man has come a very long way and has rightly made great strides in almost every
conceivable field of achievement. Scientific breakthroughs and technological advancements have
enhanced our confidence in understanding or even conquering the nature at large. The man is
regarded to be in the midst of best of times, the world have ever witnessed. Some fifty years
back, no one could have imagined the level of the technological feat or the extent of global
integration of countries which we are experiencing now. Considering the increasing share of
emerging economies in the global growth, there have been substantial improvements in enriching
the lives of millions of people around the globe.

1.2. Research Questions
The research questions is one of the most important parts of your research project, thesis or
dissertation. It’s important to spend some time assessing and refining your question before you
get started. The exact form of your question will depend on the length of your project, the type of
research, the topic, and the research problem. But all research questions should be focused,
specific, appropriately complex, and relevant to a social or scholarly issue.
The research questions for this study are:
1) What are the skills & resources required for the success of social enterprises & what are
those skills where the enterprise can invest in?
2) What are the input factors for implementing the social enterprise evaluation process?

1.3. Research Objectives
Formulating research objectives in an appropriate manner is one of the most important aspects of
your thesis. This is because research aim and objectives determine the scope, depth and the
overall direction of the research. Research question is the central question of the study that has to
be answered on the basis of research findings. The objectives of a sample thesis are given under:
Hence, the research, “Title of your research’’ has been formulated with the following primary
objective:
1) To get a deeper understanding of the critical success factors of social enterprises
operating in different social settings in India in terms of their influence in social
entrepreneurship success.

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Depending upon the nature of your study, you can divide the main objective into sub-objectives
also. However, this is optional. You can have only main objective or you can divide it into the
required number of sub-objectives depending upon the nature of your study. For example, the
above mentioned main objective can be divided into following sub-objectives.
Thus, in accordance with the above-mentioned primary objective, the study was acknowledged
with the set of following set of sub-objectives in order to conduct the research in a more
comprehensive way:
✓ To determine the importance and criticality of individual-level factors of leadership,
entrepreneurship orientation, networking, business planning skills and their constituent
attributes in social enterprise success.
✓ To determine the importance and criticality of organizational-level factors of innovative
financing, triple bottom line planning, social enterprise marketing, community
engagement, organizational culture, social impact evaluation, frugal innovation, human
capital and their constituent attributes in social enterprise success.
✓ To determine the importance and criticality of institutional-level factors of Government
support and its constituent attributes in social enterprise success.

1.4. Significance of the Study
It provides details to the reader on how the study will contribute such as what the study will
contribute and who will benefit from it. It also includes an explanation of the
work’s importance as well as its potential benefits. For example the above mentioned example,
the significance can be written in the following way
The research makes important contributions to existing literature on the critical factors
determining the success of social enterprises from both managerial and academic point of view:
1.4.1. Managerial Relevance
The findings of this thesis are of great concern from the managerial point of view as it identifies
and analyses the various factors that have a critical role in determining the success of social
enterprises. It is also holding immense importance with respect to the social entrepreneurship
practitioners, as they can take the strategic decision of the enterprises based upon the knowledge
of these factors.
1.4.2. Scientific Relevance

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Social entrepreneurship is still considered to be in its budding phase and thus lacks a
consolidated foundation and conceptual clarity. The field is having fragmented literature and
there is the lack of consensus regarding the framework and theory of social entrepreneurship.
While social entrepreneurship remains an underdeveloped field of thought and knowledge, the
theories concerning the creation, management, and performance of social enterprises are yet to
be crafted. The literature available on the social enterprises is very scant and nothing has been
contributed in the way of developing a coherent picture of critical success factors in these
enterprises.

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CHAPTER 2

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2. In this chapter all the literature available on the different approaches to the concept of your
research is explicitly reviewed. Here you can write the outline or plan of your review like in how
many sections and what you are discussing in each section.

2.1. Sample Main Heading
Social entrepreneurship in common parlance refers to entrepreneurial activity with an embedded
social purpose. Although, entrepreneurial activities with a social concern can be traced back in
the history but the social entrepreneurship as an innovative model for social problem solving has
recently emerged (Robinson et al., 2009; Mair & Marti, 2006; Peredo & McLean, 2006; Dees et
al., 2002; Chell, 2007). Thus, social entrepreneurship mainly stands for endeavors which
primarily focus over social value creation and thus social mission remains central to every social
entrepreneurship activity.
The social entrepreneurship has become a global phenomenon, impacting societies by catalyzing
social transformations for societal wellbeing. The phenomenon mainly addresses the basic needs
of human society which were neglected in the race for mainstream development. As such, the
phenomenon can occur in any society and often such local social entrepreneurship initiatives
have the potential for scale up and replication at the global level. E-g: Microfinance of
Bangladesh.
2.1.1. Sub Heading Sample
You can put any sub heading as per the nature of your study. For-example, for the sample study
which was mentioned in chapter 1, the subheading is discussed as follows. According to
Margolis & Walsh, (2003) ‘‘the world cries out for repair and social entrepreneurs are called
upon to play a central role in fighting against deep-seated problems of human misery’’.
Consequently, social entrepreneurship as a phenomenon is eliciting profound interest among the
elites as well. Successful business men who have earned substantially in the past are now
dedicating significant resources to support social entrepreneurship. For instance, the world’s
largest

engine,

‘‘Google’’

has

started

award

social

entrepreneurs

(globalimpactchallenge.withgoogle.com), Jeff Skoll (co-founder of e-bay) has donated 4.4
million

pounds

for

establishing

research

Centre

for

social

entrepreneurship

(www.skollfoundation.org); Jeff Bezos (founder of Amazon), recently announced a one million

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US dollar award for innovative approaches and breakthrough solutions to effectively improve
communities or the world at large (www.amazon.com).
2.2. Sample Main Heading 2
As described above, the idea of social enterprise is certainly not new as businesses with social
missions can be traced back in the nineteenth century. Thus, the practice of social enterprise may
well be ahead of the theory as in other areas of social action (Sarah et al., 2002).
2.2.1. The Sub Heading
The social entrepreneurs are seen to lead some ‘unique endeavors’ through the establishment of
some social purpose organizations. Although, entrepreneurs in general do launch or operate an
organization but it is not assumed to be a necessity (Peredo, 2003). Likewise, all businesses and
start-ups are entrepreneurial in nature (Carland, et al., 1984), but there are good numbers of
reasons to well be ahead of the theory as in other areas of social action (Sarah et al., 2002).
2.2.1.1. The Sub Sub Heading
The social entrepreneurs are seen to lead some ‘unique endeavors’ through the establishment of
some social purpose organizations. Although, entrepreneurs in general do launch or operate an
organization but it is not assumed to be a necessity (Peredo, 2003).

Table (2.2.1.1): Title of Table (Sample Table)

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2.3. Sample Main Heading 3
As described above, the idea of social enterprise is certainly not new as businesses with social
missions can be traced back in the nineteenth century. Thus, the practice of social enterprise may
well be ahead of the theory as in other areas of social action (Sarah et al., 2002).
2.4. Hypothesis
Write here the hypothesis of your study. It can be only one or it can be even more than one as per
your choice and nature of study. For example, for the sample example provided in chapter one,
the hypothesis can be like follows.
For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the study, few hypotheses were presumed. These
were formed on the basis of previous and current studies on the topic of critical success factors
of social enterprises; the hypotheses are described as follows:
Hypothesis -1
H1a: The possession of strong business planning skills in key individuals of social enterprises is
significantly associated with the success of social enterprises.
Hypothesis -2
H2a: Having a strong entrepreneurship orientation in social entrepreneurs is significantly
associated with the success of social enterprises.

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CHAPTER 3

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THE METHODOLOGY
3. In this chapter, the research process of your thesis is to be well-defined and described
sequentially. Starting with (1) research preparation, research approach; process of the survey,
concerning research design, participants/respondents, sampling procedure and survey design,
sample plan, research instrument, method of analysis and the limitations are discussed in detail.
3.1. Research Approach
Research approach is a plan and procedure that consists of the steps of broad assumptions to
detailed method of data collection, analysis and interpretation. It is therefore, based on the nature
of the research problem being addressed. The researcher’s choice of a particular research
approach is governed by the nature of the research problems he/she wants to solve (Yin 1994;
Merriam 1998).
3.2. Research Design
Research design represents the overall functional plan or blueprint (Babbie & Mouton, 2008) for
the research project. Whereas research methodology refers to the standard set of tools,
techniques, and approaches used for the purpose of collecting, analyzing and interpreting data by
the researcher, the research design is the purposeful way in which such methods are linked
together to address the research questions or reach conclusions. Tempering an appropriate
research design is critical for the attainment of specified goals or objectives outlined for the
research project. Therefore, the research design is ought to be trustworthy and reliable while
being scientifically grounded (Cooper & Schindler, 2006; Churchill & Iacobucci, 2002).
The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different
components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively
address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and
analysis of data.

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CHAPTER 4

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ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4. This chapter analyses and interprets the data collected. The chapter discusses the results of the
study. You can divide the chapter into the desired number of sections and sub-sections.
Analysis is still a method or a tool being used to break down your findings.
4.1. Put Sample Main Heading
Here you can write the first part of your results and analysis section. For example, you can put
here the demographic data analysis etc. You can divide it into as many number of sub-sections as
required.
4.2. Put Sample Main Heading
Here you can write the second part of your results and analysis section. For example, you can put
here main data analysis with the corresponding results etc. You can divide it into as many
number of sub-sections as required.
Water & Sanitation
10%
Agriculture
8%

Others
0%

Education
12%

Health
16%

Financial
Inclusion
7%

Health
Education
Energy
Environment
Energy
22%

Environment
11%

Financial Inclusion
Agriculture
Water & Sanitation
Others

Livelihood
Promotion
14%

Figure (4.2.1): Response Summary as per the Type of Social Enterprises’ Legal Structure
(Replace or Delete as required)

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CHAPTER 5

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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
5. This chapter contains an extensive coverage for discussion, interpretation and validation of the
survey results. Further, the chapter delineates the discussions on the part of study limitations and
prospectus for future research, and leads to a broad conclusion at the end of the chapter.
5.1. Discussion
The purpose of the discussion is to interpret and describe the significance of your findings in
light of what was already known about the research problem being investigated and to explain
any new understanding or insights that emerged as a result of your study of the problem. The
discussion will always connect to the introduction by way of the research questions or
hypotheses you posed and the literature you reviewed, but the discussion does not simply repeat
or rearrange the first parts of your paper; the discussion clearly explain how your study advanced
the reader’s understanding of the research problem from where you left them at the end of your
review of prior research level.
5.2. Conclusion
The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why your research should matter to
them after they have finished reading the paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of your
points or a re-statement of your research problem but a synthesis of key points.
5.3. Managerial Relevance
Write here an account of the managerial relevance of your study. Just to revise the one
mentioned in chapter 1 in light of the findings of the study.
5.4. Scientific Implications
Write here an account of the scientific implications of your study. Just to revise the one
mentioned in chapter 1 in light of the findings of the study.
5.5. Limitations and Scope for Future Research
Every study has limitations. Study limitations can exist due to constraints on research design or
methodology, and these factors may impact the findings of your study. However, many
researchers are reluctant to discuss the limitations of their study in their papers, feeling that
bringing up limitations may undermine its research value in the eyes of readers and reviewers.
You may choose to conclude the section by making suggestions for further research. Although
your study may offer important insights about the research problem, this is where you can

P a g e | 14

address other questions related to the problem that remain unanswered or highlight previously
hidden questions that were revealed as a result of conducting your research. You should frame
your suggestions by linking the need for further research to the limitations of your study [e.g., in
future studies, the survey instrument should include more questions that ask…”] or linking to
critical issues revealed from the data that were not considered initially in your research.

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References

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1) Acs, Z. J., & Audretsch, D. B. (2005). Entrepreneurship, innovation and technological
change. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 1(4), 1–65.
2) Adams, C. (2015). Understanding integrated reporting: The concise guide to integrated
thinking and the future of corporate reporting. Do Sustainability.
3) Adler, P., & Kwon, S. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of
Management Review 27(1) 17-40.
4)

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SAMPLE ANNEXURE
As an expert reviewer to the Questionnaire on the Critical Success Factors in Indian Social
Enterprises, it would be highly appreciated if you could also answer the following
diagnostic questions related to the questionnaire. Please select the option that is most
appropriate.
Please put a tick mark against your choice in appropriate box as per the following scale
1=To no degree 2=To a less degree 3= To a fair degree 4=To a high degree 5= Totally
Part-I
Question/Statement
1
2
3
4
5
1. To what degree did you
comprehend the questions?
2. To what degree did you
understand the aim and objectives
of the Questionnaire?
3. To what degree did you feel
that the Questionnaire was
comprehensive in its coverage
of possible critical success
factors?
4. To what degree did you feel that
the Questions were logically
structured in the questionnaire?
Part-II
1. How long did it take to complete the questionnaire? Please tick (✓) against your
choice
0-10 min.

10-20 min

20-30 min

>30 min

2. Did you find the instructions provided to complete the questionnaire clear and
simple? Please tick (✓) against your choice
Yes

3. Your other observations/comments about the questionnaire. Please elaborate
Use extra sheet attached (if necessary)
– – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – – – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – – – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – – – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – – – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – — – – – – End – thank you very much for your participation!

P a g e | 18

RESEARCH PROJECT
PROPOSAL

The Impact of AI-Driven Workflow Optimization on Employee
Satisfaction in Radiology: The Mediating Role of Job Stress Reduction

By
[Your Full Name Here]
Enrolment No. xxxxxxx

[Insert Degree Name]

[Insert Department Name]

[Insert Name of College]

[Insert Course Code: xxxxx]

[Insert Branch Name]

Date of Submission: DD MM 20YY

Supervisor Name:
Dr. Xxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxx

Saudi Electronic University

1. Background
Research on Artificial Intelligence (AI) optimization of workflow in radiology has grown as a
vital study field. AI technology introduced substantial changes to radiological work methods
which produced enhanced operational performance as well as better precision and better
medical results for patients. The benefits of artificial intelligence technology in technical
aspects receive extensive discussion but its complete evaluation regarding its effect on
radiology workforce well-being through satisfaction retention and job stress reduction remains
incomplete.

Medical staff who work in radiology experience three key health factors: job satisfaction and
motivation as well as mental healthcare quality (Rath & Harter, 2010). Radiologists can
conserve energy from unintelligent responsibilities when AI implements automation thus
enhancing their ability to concentrate on complex and rewarding tasks (Hagel et al., 2018).
Workers can expect improved satisfaction with their jobs combined with decreased
occupational stress after this transition takes place (Nazareno & Schiff, 2021).
Even though AI technology has been implemented it leads to major challenges and obstacles.
Moral at the workplace suffers when employees worry about job safety while facing skill
challenges and fear of termination (Didem & Anke, 2021; Peters, 2017). A detailed analysis
of how AI technology impacts workplace wellness in radiology practices needs to be conducted
due to its dual role as both an occupational relief approach and an introduced source of jobrelated stress.
The literature lacks insights about how AI acts as a mediator for job stress reduction and its
impact on employee satisfaction with current evidence showing its benefits for workflow
efficiency and reducing repetitive work (Stamate et al., 2021). The research investigates how
workflow optimizations through AI affect employee satisfaction when combined with job
stress reduction in the field of radiology. Such research will establish important knowledge
about employing AI to advance technical radiology outcomes and enhance radiologist
professional wellness.

SAUDI ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY

2. Statement of the problem
Artificial Intelligence (AI) implementation in contemporary radiology diagnostic practice
leads to higher operational effectiveness and precision levels. There is inadequate research
about the impact AI has on radiology department employee work satisfaction. Studies need to
address unknown effects regarding how AI optimization impacts both the job satisfaction and
stress levels of radiologists.

Mental strain along with professional stress should be considered a serious concern among
radiologists since their work often involves performing many repetitive operations which
require intense cognitive effort. During implementation of AI technologies in diagnostic
imaging radiologists become able to dedicate their time toward higher-level and rewarding
aspects of their profession. The technical strength of AI systems generates employment
challenges because it demands higher qualifications and may require layoffs which reduce
workplace enthusiasm according to Nazareno and Schiff (2021) along with Peters (2017).

The study evaluates how AI-based workflow optimization affects radiology personnel stress
while developing their job satisfaction. This study analyzes workplace effects related to AI
systems to address current scholarly research shortcomings. This study centers its research on
employee stress reduction because it serves as an essential intermediate process to analyze the
effectiveness of transformation systems for AI integration in increasing radiology worker
satisfaction and welfare.
3. Literature Review
AI technology effects on people organizations and worldwide society became an active field
of academic investigation after studies delved into artificial intelligence (AI) connections with
work-life balance. Select research findings from existing studies identify essential concepts
before discussing gaps that exist in the intricate relationship between these domains.

Comprehensive Analysis and Key Findings:

SAUDI ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY

− Labor Market Patterns become transformed because of AI technology adoption on a
mass scale. Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2014) in collaboration with Arntz et al. (2016)
demonstrate AI executes monotonous duties which results in human workforce
development yet alters professional operational standards. Workers need to expand
their skills after AI implements new workplace processes since certain positions have
become vulnerable to job displacement. The research would be strengthened through
further investigation about essential skill demands and enduring career effects when
integrating AI systems.

− Workplace AI deployments generate dual effects which shape team work methods
regarding assignment management along with time scheduling practices. AI systems
help employees spend their time on significant assignments by automating monotonous
repetitive tasks according to Demerouti et al. (2019) and Bosches et al. (2020). AI
implementation leads to fresh work requirements which stand in the way of achieving
work-life equilibrium for employees. New research needs to identify how the emerging
demands affect various population segments and their strategies to manage their
responsibilities.

− AI remote work features and scheduling capabilities enable staff members to adapt their
work times resulting in new managerial methods of their occupational time.
Technology permits staff to set the terms of work-life balance according to research by
Golden and Veiga (2005) and Dabbish et al. (2012). The self-managing capabilities
from AI-based work flexibility create issues when professionals need to detach from
work duties because their professional boundaries have become less distinct. Research
should investigate how this flexible work arrangement would affect workers
psychologically over time as well as its total impact on their well-being.
− Employee Well-Being stands as a primary research topic that examines human wellbeing regarding artificial intelligence use. Across their examination Nijssen et al.
(2018) combined with Wadsworth et al. (2021) determined the emotional and physical
effects which result from AI-driven organizational changes on employee stress, job
SAUDI ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY

satisfaction and health performance. While AI delivers both cognitive relief and work
satisfaction to certain situations it simultaneously generates work-related uncertainties
which combine with technical pressure. A thorough assessment of these difficulties
along with detailed conditions should be conducted to understand how AI affects
employee well-being.

− Work-life balance outcomes of AI depend heavily on the organizational policies and
support elements that existing workplaces establish through their practices. The work
of Parker and Wall (1998) together with Raghuram et al. (2019) shows that
organizational backgrounds with support from leadership teams and communication
systems and cultural environments enable excellent work-life balance integration with
AI. Employers need to establish different work-life balance approaches which include
flexible work arrangements with training assets and skills enhancement programs and
stress management programs that utilize employee assistance programs. Studies about
particular implementations along with their success in other developing nations would
establish applicable knowledge.
The research examines these elements to develop a complete understanding of AI-driven
workflow optimization effects on radiology employee satisfaction while reducing their stress
for future healthcare AI integration strategy development.

4. Project Objectives
This study was needed because few studies exist regarding how AI-driven workflow
optimization affects radiology department employee satisfaction. Studies about how AI
influences radiology department employee satisfaction and job-related stress remain
insufficient despite general agreement about technical benefits for radiology diagnostic
accuracy and efficiency.
The present research investigates specific areas whose investigation is necessary using these
areas as its research objectives:

SAUDI ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY

− Rate the effectiveness of AI workflow improvement systems for fighting job tension
among radiological personnel while improving staff contentment.
− Fully examine how job stress reduction operates as a linking mechanism between AI
implementation and employee satisfaction in radiology departments.
− Research the effects of AI-workforce optimization on employee happiness by
investigating the influence of recent AI applications on job duties as well as skill
requirements and security uncertainties.
The study investigates AI-related gaps in current literature to deliver complete findings on
workforce satisfaction together with job tension reduction across radiology departments by
presenting strategic guidance for strengthening work conditions and executive staff wellness.
We seek to analyze how AI-based workflow enhancements impact staff fulfillment levels in
radiology units and monitor job stress changes as the main intermediary factor.
The implementation of AI-driven workflow optimization creates significant job tension
reduction among radiological personnel to produce better staff contentment. AI-driven
workflow optimization represents the independent variable that affects job tension reduction
as the dependent variable. The assessment variable focuses on staff happiness levels.
Hypothesis 2 demonstrates that the relationship between AI implementation in healthcare
departments and employee satisfaction in radiology departments gets mediated through job
stress reduction. The research evaluates employee satisfaction as a dependent variable that
responds to the independent variable of AI implementation. The variable which acts as a
mediator between independent and dependent variables is job stress reduction.

AI-driven workforce optimization creates positive effects on employee happiness because it
minimizes job-related stress and resolves personnel needs and security concerns. The
investigator uses AI-driven workforce optimization as the independent variable to study its
impact on employee happiness which serves as the dependent variable. The measurement
variables focus on reducing job stress and addressing employee skill needs and securityrelated uncertainties.

SAUDI ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY

The research variables are presented in categories which help to create a better understanding
of their meaning.
The research has three independent variables which are AI-driven workflow optimization, AI
implementation and AI-driven workforce optimization. The three measured effects which
constitute the dependent variables include job tension reduction, employee satisfaction and
employee happiness. The measured intermediary influence stems from job stress reduction.
Staff contentment together with skill requirements and security uncertainties make up the
group of final Outcomes.
These hypotheses and variables receive specific attention because the study seeks to complete
missing research while providing thorough analysis about work satisfaction levels and stress
reduction in radiology departments. The study goals aim to generate strategic advice about
enhancing work environments and executive well-being when implementing AI systems in
hospitals.
5. Target Population
The research focuses on employing radiologists who work within healthcare institutions that
utilize artificial intelligence for workflow enhancement. The direct outsourcing impact of AI
upon this professional group provides essential insights relating to workplace well-being. The
research includes representatives from diverse types of radiology departments through
stratified random sampling which supports both hospital-based and independent diagnostic
center-based participants. By incorporating various practitioner groups the approach generates
feedback from radiologists who work in multiple medical settings.

A total of around 50 radiologists have been included in the planned sample. The selected
sample size provides adequate power to discover meaningful data variations between different
groups. Researchers achieve a proper distribution of population subgroups through this method
of data collection.
6. Data Collection Approach
Surveys formatted for structured data collection will be administered to radiologists who will
provide numerical assessments of their job fulfillment along with their stress experiences at
work and the workflow advantages of AI systems.
SAUDI ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY

The research will conduct a comprehensive review of recorded materials that study radiology
AI applications and both job satisfaction evaluations and job stress assessments. The secondary
data analysis will structure existing findings and build a proper theoretical framework.
7. Data Analysis
The data will be represented by descriptive statistics which consist of mean values, standard
deviations together with frequencies and percentages. Analysis of data will use inferential
statistics which include t-tests ANOVA and regression analysis for testing hypothesis and
variable relationship examinations. The research will use SPSS statistical software for
conducting data analysis.
8. Potential Scope of the Project
This investigation’s results will create new academic findings while supporting practical
hospital implementations. This research delivers crucial empirical data about the effects
between AI optimization of work processes and healthcare employee satisfaction and reduced
occupational stress levels. The research analysis enables hospitals along with policymakers to
deploy AI systems for improving workflow speed and staff contentment.

Data-driven AI workflow optimization offers multiple advantages to different groups involved
in radiology operations including employees.
Research institutions and academic groups obtain through this study an extensive methodical
plan for future medical AI investigation with defined research approaches combined to
theoretical flaws identification.
Managers from the radiology field should utilize this research for improving AI benefits and
protecting staff well-being at work. The recommendations generated by AI systems will assist
in creating new training systems together with support programs that enable radiologists to
adapt to AI modifications successfully.
Hospital institutions should leverage this information to redesign their operational routines
which leads to better team morale and consequently achieves superior clinical and operational
successes.
SAUDI ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY

Research findings enable policymakers to create safety regulations for healthcare AI
applications while developing contrapositions between technological advancements and
human resources management.

This research studies professional effects on radiologists to help healthcare organizations make
enhanced decisions about AI implementation that result in benefits for all parties involved.
9. Project Implementation Plan
the form of a Gantt chart, the expected project start date, the duration of some important
phases/activities and the tentative project end date and total duration of the project

Time Frame
Activity

Duration
(Days)

Start Date

End Date

Proposal

1st February 2025

10th February 2025

Literature
Review

11th February 2025

2nd March 2025

Data
Collection

3rd March 2025

1st April 2025

Report
Writing

2nd April 2025

21st April 2025

Submission
of Final
Report

22nd April 2025

26th April 2025

SAUDI ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY

References
1. Hagel, J., Schwartz, J., & Bersin, J. (2018). Navigating the future of work: Can we point

businesses, workers, and social institutions in the same direction? Deloitte Insights.
2. Nazareno, L., & Schiff, D. S. (2021). The impact of automation and artificial intelligence
on
worker
well-being.
Technology
in
Society,
67,
101679.

3. Rath, T., & Harter, J. K. (2010). Wellbeing: The five essential elements. Simon and
Schuster.
4. Stamate, A., Sauvé, G., & Denis, P. (2021). The rise of the machines and how they impact
workers’ psychological health: An empirical study. Human Behavior and Emerging
Technologies, 3, 942-955.
5. Peters, M. A. (2017). Technological unemployment: Educating for the fourth industrial
revolution. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 49, 1-6.
6. Didem, O., & Anke, H. (2021). Artificial Intelligence at Work: An Overview of the
Literature.
Available
from:

n_Overview_of_the_Literature
7. Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and
Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W. W. Norton & Company.
8. Arntz, M., Gregory, T., & Zierahn, U. (2016). The risk of automation for jobs in OECD
countries: A comparative analysis. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working
Papers, No. 189.
9. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. (2019). Burnout and job performance: The
moderating role of selection, optimization, and compensation strategies. Journal of
Occupational Health Psychology, 24(1), 71-81.
10. Bosch, T., Ackermann, G., & Baethge, A. (2020). The impact of digitalization on
employees’ tasks: New task requirements as a source of job strain and work-life conflict?
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2932.
11. Golden, T. D., & Veiga, J. F. (2005). The impact of extent of telecommuting on job
satisfaction: Resolving inconsistent findings. Journal of Management, 31(2), 301-318.
12. Dabbish, L. A., & Kraut, R. E. (2012). Email overload at work: An analysis of factors
associated with email strain. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors
in Computing Systems (pp. 793-802).
13. Nijssen, H., Van Der Zee, K. I., & Albertsen, K. (2018). Burnout, job satisfaction and wellbeing among Dutch anaesthesiologists: A survey. European Journal of Anaesthesiology,
35(10), 764-765.
14. Wadsworth, L. L., Loyd, D. L., & Dunford, B. B. (2021). Technostress: Negative effects
on performance and well-being among workers in a university environment. Journal of
Organizational Psychology, 21(1), 45-59.
15. Parker, S. K., & Wall, T. D. (1998). Job and Work Design: Organizing Work to Promote
Well-Being and Effectiveness. Sage.

SAUDI ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY

16. Raghuram, S., Garud, R., & Wiesenfeld, B. (2019). Time pacing: Competing in markets

that won’t stand still. In H. Tsoukas & R. Clegg (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Organization
Studies (pp. 571-594). Sage.

SAUDI ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY

The Impact of AI-Driven Workflow Optimization on Employee
Satisfaction in Radiology: The Mediating Role of Job Stress Reduction

Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the
Degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
BY

Liyan Abdumohsen Almayouf

Under Supervision
Dr .Asra inkesar

COLLEGE OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL SCIENCES
SAUDI ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY
2024-2025

Date: – ______________________

(Signature)

Place: – ______________________

(Full Name of the Candidate)

LIST OF TABLES
Table (2.2.1.1)

Title of Table Here ………………………………..………

Page No.

Table (3.2)
Table (4.1)
Table (4.2)

Title of Table Here ……………………………………
Title of Table Here ………………………………………
Title of Table Here ………………………………………

Page No.
Page No.
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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure (4.2.1)

Title of Figure Here………………………………

Page No.

Figure ( )

Title of Figure Here………………………………

Page No.

Figure ( )

Title of Figure Here………………………………

Page No.

Figure ( )

Title of Figure Here………………………………

Page No.

Figure ( )

Title of Figure Here………………………………

Page No.

Abstract
Background: The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology has transformed
workflow efficiency and diagnostic accuracy. However, its impact on employee satisfaction
remains an area of active research. AI-driven workflow optimization has the potential to
reduce job stress, improve task allocation, and enhance overall work experience in radiology
departments. Given the increasing workload in radiology due to growing imaging demands, it
is essential to understand how AI-driven workflow enhancements influence radiologists’ job
satisfaction and whether stress reduction plays a mediating role in this relationship.
Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of AI-driven workflow optimization on
employee satisfaction in radiology. Specifically, it investigates whether job stress reduction
mediates this relationship. By identifying key factors influencing satisfaction levels, the study
provides insights into how AI can be leveraged to improve work environments for radiology
professionals.
Research Design and Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed,
incorporating quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with radiologists and imaging
technologists. The survey included standardized measures of job satisfaction, perceived
workload, stress levels, and AI implementation effectiveness. Statistical analysis, including
regression modeling and mediation analysis, was performed to assess the direct and indirect
effects of AI-driven workflow optimization on job satisfaction. Qualitative interviews
supplemented the findings by providing deeper insights into personal experiences and
perceptions of AI integration in radiology.
Findings: The results indicate a significant positive relationship between AI-driven workflow
optimization and employee satisfaction. Furthermore, job stress reduction was found to
mediate this relationship, suggesting that AI’s ability to streamline workflows and reduce
administrative burdens contributes to lower stress levels and higher job satisfaction. However,
concerns regarding job security, loss of autonomy, and trust in AI systems emerged as
potential challenges to widespread acceptance.
Practical Implications: The findings highlight the importance of implementing AI solutions
that not only enhance efficiency but also address human factors such as stress and job
satisfaction. Healthcare administrators should consider strategies to ensure smooth AI
adoption, including training programs, transparent communication about AI’s role, and
addressing workforce concerns regarding automation.
Originality/Value: This study provides empirical evidence on the impact of AI-driven
workflow optimization on employee well-being in radiology. By focusing on stress reduction
as a mediating factor, it offers a novel perspective on how AI can be designed and
implemented to maximize both efficiency and employee satisfaction.
Limitations and Future Research Directions: While the study provides valuable insights,
limitations include a reliance on self-reported data and potential biases in AI perception.
Future research should explore longitudinal effects of AI integration, compare different AI

models, and assess variations across diverse healthcare settings to develop a more
comprehensive understanding of AI’s role in radiology workforce dynamics.

CHAPTER 1

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CHAPTER 2

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engine,

‘‘Google’’

has

started

award

social

entrepreneurs

(globalimpactchallenge.withgoogle.com), Jeff Skoll (co-founder of e-bay) has donated 4.4
million

pounds

for

establishing

research

Centre

for

social

entrepreneurship

(www.skollfoundation.org); Jeff Bezos (founder of Amazon), recently announced a one million

Page |6

Table (2.2.1.1): Title of Table (Sample Table)

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Page |8

CHAPTER 3

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CHAPTER 4

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Others
0%

Education
12%

Health
16%

Financial
Inclusion
7%

Health
Education
Energy
Environment
Energy
22%

Environment
11%

Financial Inclusion
Agriculture
Water & Sanitation
Others

Livelihood
Promotion
14%

Figure (4.2.1): Response Summary as per the Type of Social Enterprises’ Legal Structure
(Replace or Delete as required)

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CHAPTER 5

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P a g e | 14

P a g e | 15

References

P a g e | 16

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10-20 min

20-30 min

>30 min

2. Did you find the instructions provided to complete the questionnaire clear and
simple? Please tick (✓) against your choice
Yes

P a g e | 18

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