MUSIC
Unit 4
Romantic Era #3
Chap. 26b – Romanticism in Classical Forms: Orchestral & Chamber Music
Chap. 29 – Late Romanticism in German Musical Culture
Chap. 30 – Diverging Traditions in the Later 19th Century
MUSI 1307 – MUSIC LITERATURE
In this lecture, we will cover
Orchestral Music – Berlioz, Mendelssohn
German Musical Culture – Brahms, The New German School, Strauss
France – Franck, Faure
Russia – Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky
Bohemia (Czech) – Dvorak
Norway – Grieg
England – Elgar
US = MacDowell, Beach, Sousa
Orchestral Music
Growth in public concerts
Orchestra size grew
Comparison to Beethoven’s works
Franz Schubert – keeps form with focus on tuneful melodies/emotion
Unfinished Symphony
Great Symphony No. 9 in C Major –
LISTEN
Hector Berlioz (1803-1869)
Wrote programmatic symphonies (emotions tell story)
Paris Conservatory
Won the Prix de Rome in 1830
Wrote Symphonie Fantastique (1830) – musical drama
Idee fixes
Final mvt “Dream of a Witches’ Sabbath” – Dies irae –
LISTENING #1
Symphony No. 2, Harold en Italie (1834) – features solo viola and trip to Italy
Felix Mendelssohn
Italian Symphony, No. 4 (1833)
Midsummer Night’s Dream (1826) – overture with orchestral color
Violin Concerto (1844) – all 3 mvts connected
Schubert String Quintet in C Major –
LISTENING #3
German Musical Culture
Musicology
“War of the Romantics”
Absolute music vs. Program music
Tradition vs. Innovation
Classical genres & forms vs. new ones
Nationalism
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)
Loved past composers
Relationship with Robert and Clara Schumann
Leading German Composer
Beethoven’s influence
LISTEN – Symphony No. 4 (1885) in E Minor, Op. 98: 4th mvt – chaconne
Piano Music – 3 sonatas, variations
Choral work – Ein Deutsches Requiem, Op. 45 (A German Requiem, 1868) –
LISTENING #4
War of the Romantics
| Absolute Music, Traditionalist, Classical genres | Program Music, Innovation, New genres |
| Mendelssohn | |
| Schumann | |
| Brahms | |
| Absolute Music, Traditionalist, Classical genres | Program Music, Innovation, New genres |
| Mendelssohn | |
| Schumann | |
| Brahms | |
The New German School
The New German School
Wagner, Liszt, Berlioz, Bruckner, Wolf, Strauss
Franz Liszt – 13 symphonic poems – thematic transformation
LISTENING #5 – Les Preludes S. 94 (1854)
Anton Bruckner (1824-1896) – absorbed Wagner’s style & ideals
Wrote 11 symphonies
Hugo Wolf (1860-1903) – adapted Wagner’s method for lied
War of the Romantics
| Absolute Music, Traditionalist, Classical genres | Program Music, Innovation, New genres |
| Mendelssohn | The New German School |
| Schumann | Wagner |
| Brahms | List |
| Berlioz | |
| Absolute Music, Traditionalist, Classical genres | Program Music, Innovation, New genres |
| Mendelssohn | The New German School |
| Schumann | Wagner |
| Brahms | List |
| Berlioz | |
Richard Strauss (1864-1949)
Influenced by Berlioz and Liszt
Symphonic Poems
Don Juan (1889)
Till Eulenspiegel (1895)
Also sprach Zarathustra (1896)
Don Quixote (1897) – for cello, viola and orchestra –
LISTENING #6
“Fantastic Variations on a Theme of Knightly Character”
Based on novel, “Don Quixote de la Mancha” by Cervantes
Cello – Don Quixote; Violia – Sancho Panzo; Farm Girl
FRANCE
Before Impressionism, 2 main types of compositions:
Cosmopolitan (influence from composers of other countries)
French Tradition (influence from French composers)
Cesar Franck (1822-1890) – Cosmopolitan
Influenced by Liszt and Wagner
Franck Prelude, Chorale and Fugue –
LISTEN
Franck Violin Sonata –
LISTEN
Gabriel Faure (1845-1924) – French Traditions
Focus on lyrical melodies, tone, color
Faure song cycle, La bonne Chanson (The Good Song) –
LISTEN
War of the Romantics
| Absolute Music, Traditionalist, Classical genres | Program Music, Innovation, New genres |
| Mendelssohn | The New German School |
| Schumann | Wagner |
| Brahms | List |
| Faure | Berlioz |
| Strauss | |
| Franck |
RUSSIA
Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 4 (1878)
Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 6 –
LISTEN
Mussorgsky – Pictures at an Exhibition (1874)
Orchestrated by Ravel –
LISTENING #7
BOHEMIA (Czech)
Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904) – uses Czech folk songs
Dvorak wrote 9 symphonies, 4 concertos and works for orchestra
Slavic Dances for 2 pianos – familiar dance rhythms
LISTEN
LISTEN – Dvorak “New World” Symphony No. 9 in E Minor. Conductor Dudamel –
LISTEN
LISTEN – Dvorak Cello Concerto
Norway
Edvard Grieg (1843-1907) – Norwegian melodies, harmonies and dances
Peer Gynt Suites (1875) –
LISTEN
Morning
In the Hall of the Mountain King
England
Edward Elgar (1857-1934) – no academic training
Enigma Variations (1899)
Cello Concerto (1919) –
LISTEN
UNITED STATES
Theodore Thomas (1835-1905) – 1st conductor of Chicago Symphony
Edward MacDowell (1860-1908) – “To a Wild Rose” Op. 51 (1896) –
LISTEN
Amy Marcy Cheney Beach (1867-1944) – female composer
Gaelic Symphony (1896) – American sound –
LISTEN
Band Music
John Philip Sousa (1854-1932) – Conducted US Marine Band
“The Stars and Stripes Forever” March
Tin Pan Alley – “After the Ball” by Charles K. Harris –
LISTEN
African-American slaves – “Go Down, Moses”
