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The Impact of Social Media on Self-Esteem

Christian Quesada

American Military University

Prof. Anthony Common

RLMT-301

4/7/2025

The Impact of Social Media on Self-Esteem

Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and Snapchat have revolutionized the communication and self-expression of adolescents and young adults. These platforms encourage social comparison, body dissatisfaction, and validation-seeking while allowing users to share and learn. This study investigates the intricate relationship between social media usage and self-esteem, highlighting how factors such as gender, culture, body image, and relational closeness influence this dynamic. This study uses data to suggest that the impacts of social media on self-esteem are contextual and individual.

Background

This section examines the evolution of social media and its integration into everyday life, particularly for teenagers and young adults. The role of self-esteem in mental wellness will be explained. This debate will examine how self-esteem is assessed and why it is a sensitive predictor of well-being in the digital era. This section will also briefly discuss the research’s theoretical underpinnings, such as Social Comparison Theory and Sociometer Theory.

Literature Review

This section synthesizes recent studies and scholarly findings that examine the relationship between social media and self-esteem. Themes will categorize the review:

· Perceived relational closeness and its moderating effect (Han & Yang, 2023).

· Body image dissatisfaction and cultural influences on self-worth (Merino et al., 2024).

· Problematic social media use and longitudinal effects on psychological health (Wang, 2024).

· Cross-sectional data on self-esteem and social media addiction (Chamsi et al., 2022).

· Positive outcomes: opportunities for community, identity formation, and support.

Findings

This section will analyze and interpret the patterns emerging from the literature. It will discuss how:

Excessive or passive use of social media often correlates with lower self-esteem.

Active engagement and perceived support from online relationships can buffer negative impacts.

Gender differences influence the types of content consumed and their effects on self-worth.

Cultural values and societal expectations magnify the impact of curated images and “likes.” These findings underscore the importance of adopting nuanced, individualized approaches to understanding the impact of digital environments on mental health.

Conclusion

The paper concludes that the relationship between social media use and self-esteem is complex and influenced by numerous internal and external factors. While there is clear evidence that overuse or comparison-based engagement can harm self-esteem, social media also has the potential to enhance confidence and foster connections. Future research and policy should focus on digital literacy, healthy usage patterns, and culturally sensitive mental health interventions to empower users in their online lives.

References

Chamsi, F. Z., Katir, I., Korchi, A., Belbachir, S., & Ouanass, A. (2022). The Impact of Social Media on Self-Esteem.
European Psychiatry,
65(S1), S551–S551.

Han, Y., & Yang, F. (2023). Will Using Social Media Benefit or Harm Users’ Self-Esteem? It Depends on Perceived Relational-Closeness.
Social Media and Society,
Vol. 9, No. 4.

Merino, M., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Rubio-Zarapuz, A., Villanueva-Tobaldo, C. V., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2024). Body Perceptions and Psychological Well-being: A Review of the Impact of Social Media and Physical Measurements on Self-Esteem and Mental Health, with a Focus on Body Image Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Cultural and Gender Factors.
Healthcare,
12(14).

Wang, H. (2024). Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Problematic Social Media Use Amongst Chinese College Students: A Longitudinal Study.
Psychology Research and Behavior Management,
Volume 17, 679–689.

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