The SDOH framework suggests that health outcomes are contextualized within the wider social environment in which a person works, learns, and lives. It also incorporates a life course perspective, acknowledging that influences in early life can predispose an individual to poor health in adulthood and later life (
Blane, 2006). The SDOH framework further acknowledges psychosocial processes, recognizing the relationship between external stressors (e.g., financial issues) and internal responses (e.g., biological responses such as raised cortisol;
Brunner & Marmot, 2006). Since the original report on the SDOH in 1999, a growing body of research evidence supports the SDOH framework, which has been used to facilitate changes in policy and practice aimed at reducing inequality and improving health outcomes (
Marmot et al., 2020). However, progress in addressing inequalities and improving the health of individuals and societies has been reported to be slow (
Marmot et al., 2020).
The SDOH considers the context in which people live, work, and learn as having a major impact on health. Social and Community factors are one of the five components of the SDOH.
How does that component impact the health of an individual or community?
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