PERSUASIVE SPEECH: Final Outline Outline is now complete and includes Rebuttals & Refutations + and reference list The Persuasive Speech Final Outline consists of three parts. Please com

PERSUASIVE SPEECH: Final Outline 

Outline is now complete and includes Rebuttals & Refutations + and reference list 

The Persuasive Speech Final Outline consists of three parts. Please complete each part following assignment prompts/guidelines for success on the assignment. Writing guidelines can be found on page 3 of this document.

Your final outline is the polished and complete version of the draft outline you created. The final outline should include both your outline and your formatted reference list. The final outline should be an edited version of your draft outline and incorporate instructor and peer feedback. Submissions that are an exact copy of your draft outline will not be accepted for credit. There will always be something to improve upon between the draft and final outline versions and I expect to see those changes.

You are expected to turn in a fully complete preparation outline to earn credit. A fully complete outline will include: 

• organization using the problem-cause-solution pattern
• all supporting materials (statistics, examples, and testimony) you plan to use in your speech recording
• all in-speech source citations
• a formatted reference list using MLA or APA style citations
• full sentences
• no place-holder information
• an outline matching the required format described in the assignment instructions. The outline is in Chapter 11 of our textbook beginning on page 199. I also go over the outline in a mini lecture titled “Mini Lecture – Going over the required outline” in iCollege

PART ONE: Ensure you are including two rebuttals and refutations in your speech outline

Outline the sub-structure for your two refutations and include them in your outline (if you have not already done so).  

1. Begin with your argument: present the claim and the reasoning / evidence to support that claim.  
2. Raise the counter-argument or rebuttal for this claim. 

PART TWO 

Upload your finalized and polished version of the “Preparation Outline,” utilizing full sentences.

Use my feedback on your draft outline, your peer feedback from our class workshop, as well as the Persuasive Speech Grading Rubric to finalize your outline.

1. You can find examples in Chapter 11: Sample Preparation Outline with Commentary.
   1. Pages 199-201 in Chapter 11 
   2. This should look familiar since it is the same outline format as our Informative Speeches.

1. Also, include your finalized reference list: Ten+ sources you will cite in your speech. 
2. Ultimately, you’ll need to cite ten sources during the speech. 

Requirements:  

1. Minimum of 10 credible sources  
2. Reference Style: MLA or APA 
   1. Remember sources not cited using one of these styles are not accepted for credit

Writing Guidelines:

• Complete Parts One, Two and Three of the assignment  
• Use academic writing for the Persuasive Speech Final Outline. It should be written in full sentences (not short, bullet pointed phrases) and should use proper grammar. Follow the formatting of the Speech Preparation Outline on pages 199-201 in Chapter 11 of our textbook. 
• Your checkpoint should be written in Times New Roman or Calibri, 12 points, with one-inch margins and double-spaced. 
• Your name should be included in the top left corner of the document (your name should be in the same font and point size as the checkpoint) 
• Save your checkpoint as a Word (.doc, .docx) format or as a PDF 
• Proofread your checkpoint for correctness of content and grammar 
• When you are finished, ensure that you upload the correct file to the “Persuasive Speech Final Outline” folder in “Assignments” under the Assessment tab in the top navigation menu.  
• Only upload a Word or PDF file to the submission folder. Pages files and links to Google Drive files, etc., will not be accepted for credit. If you are writing your checkpoint using Pages, Google Drive or OneDrive, or another word processing program, please save your file as a PDF and submit that for credit. 
• All submissions will be screened for plagiarism using Turnitin. Plagiarism will result in a 0 for the assignment.

Heres is the information that needs to be fixed: 

Khalil,

Good work on your persuasive speech draft outline.

Please see some detailed feedback below:

Introduction

Attention Getter: Good start, but missing a clear attention getter with sufficient detail. Add one in as the first thing you say to your audience to draw them into your topic. A stat + source citation would work well for your topic.

Credibility Establishment: Missing credibility establishment. We need to see some supporting material + source citation to really establish credibility in the intro here

Summary of Solutions/Plan of Action: Missing from the intro is a brief summary of proposed solutions. You can add this in before your preview statement or during your preview statement.

Preview Statement: Also missing a preview statement at the end of the intro to let your audience know the main points to come in your speech.

Organization

Problem-Cause-Solution Pattern: 

Remember in the problem point you are working to show your audience why your chosen topic is in fact a significant issue in society. In the cause point, you are explaining to your audience what leads to your issue occurring. In the solution point, you are providing ways to solve the causes you discuss in the cause point. The cause and solution points should be directly linked together. You should not introduce a cause without also introducing a solution and vice versa. Two claims are required for each point in the speech.

Problem point

It looks like you are planning two claims to do with health: 1) physical health and 2) mental health

Those are good claims, but much more support (evidence + source citations) needed to bolster the claims. Continue to add in as you polish.

Cause point – CHANGES NEEDED

Claim 1: Some cities don’t have a very large budget when it comes to getting land for new parks

Claim 2: Cities also prioritize other things such as businesses, housing, offices and etc.

Both of these claims have the same underlying point: cities choose to spend their budget on other priorities. The claims should be combined into one on financial constraints.

Then, add in a second claim with a different point. What is the second reason, shown by research, why parks/green spaces are not prioritized besides money?

Support further with evidence (stats, examples, testimony + source citations).

Solution point – CHANGES NEEDED

Claim 1: The government can take pride and prioritize community and public parks by having it in future planning sheets

Claim 2: They can abandon lots, abandon buildings, and land that is not in use.

Claim 3: The city of the government can make a thing called partnerships around different groups.

All three claims should be combined to solve the first cause claim of financial constraints.

Then, when you add in your second cause claim, you add a second solution claim to directly solve the new cause claim.

Happy to discuss further.

Support further with evidence (stats, examples, testimony + source citations).

Transitions: Good plan

Conclusion: Good start

Remember that all of your main points should seem equally important, meaning they should be roughly the same length. For example, your problem point should not be 3 minutes in length and your solution point be 1 minute in length. That indicates the problem point is more important. Keep this in mind as you continue to polish your outline.

Supporting Materials – CHANGES NEEDED

Statistics, Examples, Testimony: Missing supporting materials.

Statistics, examples and testimony are needed to maximize success. Remember that you need to back up all claims with supporting materials. Work to incorporate more supporting material as you finalize work on the speech.

Verbal Source Citations: Cite sources in your speech outline.

Write out your source citation as you plan to say it in the speech. Don’t cite the author’s name or a link to a website (unless you are offering them as an expert and offering their credentials to establish credibility), instead cite the year of publication (where available) and the publication. For example, According to a 2024 Gallup Poll [information]. According to a 2024 article from the Pew Research Center…

The AssetWorks source does not seem related to your topic, replace with a more relevant source to help your speech topic.

The NRPA source is just a URL. It needs to be formatted using APA or MLA style to earn credit. Again, don’t cite it as a URL in your outline either. See notes above for proper citation.

The Mayors Innovation Project is just a general page, please cite a specific report or article instead.

The Chapman source is outdated. Please only include sources published in 2023, 2024, 2025, or 2026 to earn credit.

The EcoPlay structures source does not seem to best fit your topic. Please find a source more on topic or more clearly incorporate the source in the outline.

Again, the Dash source does not seem to best fit your topic.

Please find a source more on topic or more clearly incorporate the source in the outline.

Sources not in alphabetical order in the reference list

All source cited in the reference list should appear in your outline. If they do not appear in the outline, they should be removed from the reference list. If they appear in your outline they should appear in the reference list. You have 8 sourcesi in the reference list that do not appear in the outline and one reference in the outline that doesn’t appear in the reference list, Commercial Observer.

Rebuttals/Refutations: Remember you need to include two rebuttal/refutation pairs in your speech. In short rebuttals are counterarguments against some element of your speech (opposing viewpoints). Refutations are how you respond to those rebuttals to strengthen your claims. Addressing opposing viewpoints strengthen your arguments. Be on the lookout for two rebuttals that you can refute in your speech. They can be included anywhere in the speech where there exists a counterargument. What are some opposing arguments to your claims? How will you refute them to weaken them and strengthen your argument?

Appeals to pathos: Remember that you need to appeal to the emotion of your audience. You can do that through using emotive language and vivid examples.  

heres the outline and keep it in this format : 

Name: Khalil Quinn

Course: Public Speaking 

Speech type: Persuasive speech 

General Purpose: To persuade 

Specific topic: To persuade to my audience why cities should create more parks 

Thesis statement: Cities should create more community and public parks because of public health, connection with the community, and quality for the environment. 

Introduction 

I. Attention grabber 

Think about growing up in a neighborhood, and around you all you see are tall buildings, traffic on the roads, and construction on the roads. But there aren’t any nearby green spaces or public parks for people to connect with others and just relax to take your mind off things. 

II. Creditability statement

Me Being in downtown Atlanta personally and around these different things, allows me to see why cities should create morepublic parts. Being downtown also showed me that there aren’tas many parks as possible in the city. I also did some research about how these parks affect your mental and physical healthaccording to www.nrpa.org

III. Audience Relevance

My topic is relevant to people in the audience because cities creating more parks and green spaces can help mental and physical health, connection with community, and qaulity for the environment. These things can make your life much healthier. 

IV. Thesis statement 

Cities should create more community and public parks because of public health, connection with the community, and quality for the environment.

V.

Body 

I. Cities with less access to community and public parks face serveral serious problems can mess with peoples mental and physical health 

A. When there is a lack of public and community parks,their physical standpoint lowers when not having parksallows them not to exercise, relax, and get outdoor fresh air. 

B. Also, if you lack public and community parks also can affect or harm your mental health this is because they have good place to relax 

           C. according to  who lived near natural space had significantly improved mental health up to three years after their move. Compared to pre-move mental health scores, individuals who moved to greener areas had significantly better mental health recorded three years after the move. 

  Transistion: now that we know the different problems that were occurring, we can look at why we lack community and public parks.

II. There are a few reasons why we have a short amount of public and community parks. 

A. Some cities don’t have a very large budget when it comes to getting land for new parks

B. Cities also prioritize other things such as businesses, housing, offices and etc.

According to commercialobserver.com it says that many cities are not buying new land or renovating existing parks because of pressures to build housing and other development, and that cities increasingly rely on private developers

C. Low-income neighborhoods, the lack of parks isn’t just a missing piece of the city, it’s a lost space for children to play, for families to gather, and for neighbors to connect.

D. According to New City Parks – Bringing Parks to Neighborhoods That Need Them This nonprofit site focuses on how parks are developed in under‑resourced neighborhoods, and how designing, financing, and building parks in places with little funding is different from wealthier areas. 

Transition: Now that we understand the problems, we can look at how we can come up with a solution to create more parks 

III. Cities can create solution to invest in creating more public and community parks 

A. The government can take pride and prioritize community and public parks by having it in future planning sheets 

According to  are finding ways in San Diego to put parks in there planning section to create new parks 

B. They can abandon lots, abandon buildings, and land that is not in use. 

According to the source that i am across of  says Detroit Future City unveiled a proposal to create a land conservancy. This conservancy would transform thousands of empty lots into green areas across the city. The nonprofit think tank aims

C. The city of the government can make a thing called partnerships around different groups. 

Transition: By figuring out these solutions by cities should create more public parks; this will allow them to have healthier places to enjoy yourself. 

Conclusion 

I. These days, many ofter cities have been crowded, full of traffic and pollution, and don’t have enough green spaces where people can relax, get exercise, or just enjoy being outside.

II. Not having enough community and public parks can affect on both mental and physical health, and it also means fewer chances for people to connect with nature or spend time with others in their neighborhoods.

III. Once you have an understanding of these problems, figure out why they happen, and act with solutions; cities can become healthier and more enjoyable places for everyone.

IV. Creating more parks isn’t just about letting the trees grow,it’s about building a bigger and better community around the world with building connection in the community

Reference list