Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present
First Edition
Chapter 1
Cultural Precedents
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Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Cultural Precedents
Buildings, interiors & furniture depend on functional & local aesthetic conditions
Attitudes, influences, changes in behavior, social structure, environment, climate, materials, construction, technology, religion
Materials define image & character
Various forms are precursors or precedents for later ones
Interiors follow architecture form
Emphasis upon function over display
Furniture rare or nonexistent
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2
Concepts
Nature: form-giver & inspiration
Survival more important than aesthetics, early
Art more than decoration
Belief system, social order, cultural imperatives, sciences
Concepts of beauty
Images, words, symbols
Comfort, protection by gods
World governed by spirits
Daily life, tasks: spiritual connotation
Worship, honor, appease, please
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1.2
Motifs: Top row from left: plate with spiral, North American Indian basket with spiral/wave and swastika; Bottom row from left: pictograph, lizard bowl with animals and basket weave from Turkey.
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1.1
Hall of Bulls, Paleolithic cave painting, 15,000-10,000 b.c.e.; Lascaux, near Sarlat, France.
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Architecture
Available materials, expedient construction methods
Form: construction method, materials
Permanent, impermanent materials
Small, human proportions
Some house many families
Environmental & building considerations
Natural shelters: wind breaks, caves
People, location, climate, culture, economy
Buildings grouped, face outward or inward
Simplicity, informality, irregularity, comfort
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1.3
Stonehenge, c. 2600-1400 b.c.e., Wiltshire, England.
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*1.4
Teepees on the Columbia, c. 1922.
*Substitute image.
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1.6
Machu Picchu, 15th and 16th centuries C.E., Peru.
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1.7
Temple at Teotihuacan, 1000 b.c.e. – 1525 c.e.; Central Mexico.
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1.8
Nunnery, Uxmal, 250-900 c.e.; Yucatan, Mexico
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1.9
Native American pueblo houses, c. 1200 c.e.; Taos, New Mexico.
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Interiors
First, single multi-functional spaces
Separate areas for specific uses
Public areas separate from private ones
Organization reflects social order
Evolves into basic footprint of house, castle, palace
Interior simple, basic
Nearly all activities in single space
Room types, designations unique to cultures
Daily used items have spiritual symbols
Protection & power
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1.11
Interior of Middle Eastern Bedouin tent; Turkey.
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1.12
Kyrgyz yurta of reed stems wrapped in colored wool with felt rugs on the floor, c. 1995; Kyrgyzstan; Mekenbeck Osmonaliyev.
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1.13
Textiles: Top row from left: mud cloth and molas, Panama; Bottom row from left: kente cloth, Africa; and Inca weaving, Peru.
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Furnishings and Decorative Arts
Simple, limited in number
Utilitarian objects
Subtle, sophisticated forms
Simplicity
Emphasis on portability, function, economy of material
Specialized furniture responds to needs & increase in belongings
Variations of two forms
Platform: table, stool, chair, bed
Box: chest, cupboard, wardrobe
Crafts specialization more common as time passes
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1.14
Stool, c. 1900 c.e.; Africa.
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1.15
Decorative Arts: Top: Chalcolithic pottery, Turkey; Acoma pottery, New Mexico; and Bottom: Coloma pottery, Mexico.
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Copyright
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