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Response 1

100 word response 1 reference/intext citation

Due 5/2/2025

Sara

The criminal justice prevention program used throughout this class has been the Davie Police Athletic League Program, commonly referred to as Davie PAL. This community-based program aims to foster a better understanding among law enforcement officers and youth to reduce juvenile delinquency.

Descriptive statistics convey a particular dataset characteristic using summary statistics, graphs, and tables (Spatz, 2019). There are five common forms: mean, median, mode, variance, and standard deviation. The 
mean, or average, represents the overall trend of a dataset by summing values and dividing by the count. The 
median, a more resistant measure, highlights the middle point of the data when sorted, offering stability against extreme values. The 
mode, indicating the most frequent value, can benefit categorical data. 
Variance calculates the average squared differences from the mean to measure data dispersion (Vito & Higgins, 2015). In contrast, 
standard deviation, the square root of variance, summarizes the spread of data around the mean (Vito & Higgins, 2015). This type of statistic helps people understand the program’s data without performing complex analysis.

Descriptive statistics can be effectively applied to evaluate the Davie PAL program in several ways. One approach is to calculate the
 average age of participants (mean) and analyze the
 gender distribution and socioeconomic status of the group. These statistics can be visually represented through bar graphs, making the data accessible and easy to interpret for stakeholders. Another approach involves analyzing 
standard deviation and variance by comparing participant data before and after their involvement in the program. These measures can provide valuable insights into the variability of outcomes, helping stakeholders determine whether the program is achieving its intended impact. Additionally, 
pre- and post-grade comparisons can directly measure academic improvement among participants, highlighting one aspect of the program’s effectiveness.

Inferential statistics is a method that uses sample evidence and probability to conclude about larger, often unmeasurable populations (Spatz, 2019). In other words, it allows researchers to generalize findings from a sample dataset to the broader population. Unlike descriptive statistics, which focus on summarizing data, inferential statistics assess relationships, make predictions, and test hypotheses. A statistical hypothesis identifies the connection between two variables of interest, which relies on a null hypothesis. Vito & Higgins (2015) explain that a rule, such as the 95% rule, refers to constructing confidence intervals where researchers are 95% certain the actual value lies within the specified range.  This approach minimizes both false-positive and false-negative errors, ensuring more reliable conclusions (Vito & Higgins, 2015).

 Inferential statistics provide a powerful approach to analyze the effectiveness of the Davie PAL program and assess its impact on juvenile crime rates. Several 
statistical tools can be employed to evaluate program outcomes comprehensively, including the t-test, chi-square test, regression analysis, and confidence intervals (Vito & Higgins, 2015).  A 
t-test, for example, could be used to compare juvenile crime rates among participants before and after their involvement in the program, or between participants and non-participants. This comparison can determine whether changes in crime rates are statistically significant. Similarly, a 
chi-square test can assess relationships between categorical variables, such as comparing the distribution of juvenile arrests across participants and non-participants, highlighting potential patterns in reduced criminal behaviors. 
Regression analysis offers another valuable tool for more complex evaluations, such as examining how program participation hours predict outcomes like improved grades, self-esteem, or reduced crime rates.

Additionally, 
confidence intervals provide a range of values within which the program’s actual effect is likely to fall, offering stakeholders clarity about the reliability and precision of findings. These statistical tools help stakeholders to test the program’s effectiveness and uncover actionable insights for optimizing future crime prevention strategies. By leveraging inferential methods, the Davie PAL program can translate data into evidence-based improvements that ensure impactful and sustainable outcomes.

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