See attachment
Chapters 3&4 – SWK 2280
Ethics
Single system research designs
Ethics in social work
Research is not black and white, lots of grey areas present
Historical context of enforcing ethics
USPHS Syphilis Study at Tuskegee (1932) – 400 black males diagnosed with syphilis informed that they would receive treatment for “bad blood” – this “study” lasted for 40 years.
Nuremberg trials following World War II (as a result of cruel and unusual punishment from Nazis toward their research subjects/prisoners) led to the development of the Nuremberg Code, which governed research with human subjects.
Passage of the National Research Act (1974) – any institution that conducts research on human subjects is required to establish an Institutional Review Board (IRB).
Institutional review boards
Consists of various faculty across different colleges.
Ensure that projects cause no harm to subjects.
Types of review:
Exempt – research presents no risk
Expedited – research presents minimal risk
Full – research involves more than minimal risk; vulnerable populations
The Belmont report
Developed by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research in 1978
Three ethical principles for research on humans:
Beneficence
Respect
Justice
Guidelines for ethical research
Research subjects must be volunteers
Sufficient information should be provided to participants regarding the study and any potential risks
No harm shall result to participants as a result of the research
Protection of sensitive information
Difference between confidentiality and anonymity?
Potential ethical problems in research
Deception
Denial of treatment
Compensation
Consideration of online subjects
Qualitative research
Observation, interviews, stories
Challenges to following an interview schedule – a list of questions developed by the interviewer
The national association of social workers (nasw) code of ethics
Service
Social justice
Dignity and worth of the person
Importance of human relationships
Integrity
Competence
Single system research designs (SSRD)
Used to continuously evaluate the progress of an individual, group, or community
i.e., case studies
Identification of independent variables (IVs) and dependent variable(s) (DVs)
Developing baselines
Ideal number of observations?
Types of SSRDs
A = pre-intervention/baseline phase
B = intervention phase
Case studies (B Design)
AB Design
ABA & ABAB Designs
ABC and ABCD Designs
ABA
ABAB
Validity and reliability
Validity – how accurately is a particular concept measured?
Reliability – the accuracy of an instrument itself
A measure can be reliable, but not valid. Likewise you cannot have a valid instrument without reliability.
Types of reliability
Test-retest
Internal
Inter-rater
Types of validity
Internal (various types)
External
