please see attachment for instructions
W8 Discussion Instructions: VoIP
In 250 word, answer the questions below with 4 evidence base scholarly articles in APA format.
VoIP is having a profound impact on the PSTN/cellular systems, as it seems to be slowly killing traditional voice over the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and probably over the cellular system. Will the legendary PSTN be phased out?
1. Discuss the current state of VoIP.
2. Discuss VoIP impact on the PSTN and cellular systems
3. What is your prediction of VoIP future, will it replace PSTN.
In 400 word total, replying to the 2 post below. Each reply must be 200 word.
J.N Post #1
VoIP- technology that allows voice communication over the internet instead of using Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN). Telecom providers have transition to all-IP (Internet Protocol) networks, making VoIP the backbone of both business and consumer communications. PSTN’S decline is a financial burden to maintain an aging infrastructure, making VoIP cost-effective. By the end of the decade, it is likely that many regions will have completely moved to VoIP based communications systems. Currently VoIP is not slowing down, becoming a standard for businesses and users to make phone calls and send messages over the internet. Mobile VoIP market is projected to reach $183.7 billion by 2027 due to the demand for mobile solutions brought by the pandemic. Cellular carriers offer VoLTE (Voice over LTE), which enables voice calls over data network, this trend is driven by the increasing availability of 4G an 5G networks. VoIP is expected to evolve further with AI integration, with features such as real-time translation, voice recognition, and smart assistant. AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants can assist in answering clint questions, freeing up human employees to address more complex duties. Additionally, VoIP integrated into Internet of Things (IoT). Most of the IoT devices use IP to provide functionality and information. VoIP can server as a part of IoT mechanism for automation and remote device control such as cars and appliances, allowing seamless communication in various settings.
Reference:
Aiste Kryzanovske. (2023, October 9).
The future of VoIP: trends and predictions | VoIP Review. VoIP Review.
J.P Post #2:
VoIP, or Voice over IP, is a way to make a call via an IP phone using the Private Branch Exchange (PBX) server to either another IP phone or a regular phone using the Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) (VirtualPBX, 2018). This means that during a VoIP call, the PSTN (regular telephone system), on some occasions, is still used (VirtualPBX, 2018). However, in the same manner, the cellular network is also used (VirtualPBX, 2018). If using an IP phone, either a softphone (software) or a hard phone (a computer that looks like a phone), a person can call, and IP packets travel to the LAN switch. Then, packets go to the default gateway and the PBX server. Then, the IP packets are sent in reverse order from the PBX server to another gateway, switch, and an IP phone. In this case, PSTN is not used.
While PSTN is still in use, it is at a reduced rate since many people are changing to using cell phones or VoIP phones from vendors like Vonage (Brown, 2024). Every day, more and more people are getting cell phones and connecting to LTE or 5G networks (Brown, 2024). Even regular phone providers like AT&T have VoIP services that they sell via other providers they own, like Cricket Wireless, which uses VoLTE (Brown, 2024). Using improved QoS via 5G networks, unified communications as a service (UCaaS) that combine VoIP and video conferencing, Omnichannel by using IP networks to send voice packets, and Artificial Intelligence that uses analytics to improve packet switching, VoIP services are gaining a reputation (Elgan, n.d.). Like any technology, VoIP is not without security risks from hackers (Elgan, n.d.). Since VoIP uses IP packets on the network, other devices are at risk and require security measures like passwords, multifactor authentication, encryption (like Codec), and more. However, VoIP has better call quality, is flexible to implement and expand, and uses reduced resources by transferring data via IP systems (Elgan, n.d.).
References
Brown, B. (2024, March 7).
VoIP The Future is Now – Impacting PSTN, Cellular Networks, and Beyond. Retrieved from
Elgan, M. (n.d.).
VoIP trends: the future of the VoIP industry is clear (and flexible). Retrieved February 23, 2025, from
VirtualPBX. (2018, November 8).
How the PSTN Interacts With Your VoIP Calls. Retrieved from
